Similarities and differences between Warr’s Vitamin Model and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs free essay sample

Occupational Psychology, that derives mainly from the 1900’s (Porteous, 1997), constitutes to a wide range of frameworks focuses on strengthening the branches of studying behaviour of employees at work; it also concerns the performance of employees as to how the organisation and employees will function (Matthews, 2012). Overall the aim of occupational psychology subsides to improve job satisfaction of an individual and upsurge the effectiveness of the organisation. This essay will engross further into the routes of occupational psychology to understand and differentiate between the similarities and differences of two main theories that are still applicable today when applied to the context of work; this includes one to be Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model (1954) a pyramid based satisfactory model and the other that is Peter Warr’s Vitamin Model (1987) a unusual analogy of reality. Abraham Maslow (1954) an adventurous American Psychologist whose main notion of interest was accelerated in the direction of ‘self-actualization’ (Champan, 1995-2010) after meeting a successful researcher named Kurt Goldstein who influenced him in actually taking the topic of humanistic psychology a step forward. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarities and differences between Warr’s Vitamin Model and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The whole creativity of the ‘hierarchy of needs’ was established by studying and observing monkeys to find patterns of behaviour they had addressed based on their needs (Poston, 2009). However, Peter Warr (1987), a Research Professor, focuses on explaining job satisfaction and stimulating the linear relationships that creates a trend in graphs (Jonge et al, 1998) concerning job characteristics and the indices of employee welfare; to achieve this the ‘vitamin model’ was invented. Sir Warr (1987) stresses the importance of work and suggested that certain features at work act like vitamins (Job,2004) as they are basic needs of survival and are the requirement of Job satisfaction. Ough the hierarchy the importance of ‘Esteem Needs’ as they laid nearer the top they categorise ‘prestige’ and feeling of accomplishment’ (Poston, 2009) which includes ideas of respect in different words but expressing same meaning Warr (1987) considers the 9th determinant to be ‘valued social position’ as to the feelings at work and in order to gain respect in the community (Job, 2004). In comparison both theories have put the same idea across but transformed it in the different language perspectives. However, this could lead to the idea that due to the word sophistication of Maslow’s theory (1954) it would be hard to understand but due to the explanation an ideas given alongside the reader can understand and adjust the ideas; similarly Warr’s theory (1987) grasps the ideas of questions below each ingredients to satisfy the reader and help it be applicable to the concept of work. As suggested by the director of the ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ who claims ‘we must satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, that deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself’ (Champan, 1995-2010) this makes Maslow’s theory a simplified aspect as realised that it makes sense in the fact that if your jobless then you’ll be less concerned as to whether your loved by another person, instead you’ll be more concerned to find a job so you can fulfil your desires (Hodson,2001). Even though both theories break down their aspects of needs Warr’s (1987) model constitutes to generalizability of occupational areas whereas Maslow (1954) concentrates more towards the nature and the context of the preservation of life and identification of one’s self (Cambridge Regional College, 2011) as it was required at the time of Maslow’s theory (1954) due to the conditions of life as it was created 33 years before the invention of Warr’s Unique Vitamin Model (1987). Warr’s (1987) invention of the ‘Vitamin Model’, as we conduct is solely concerned with areas of work and job satisfaction (Jonge et al, 1998) as they lie as the pride factors so this means that the invention of the vitamin analogy (Warr, 2007) cannot be generalised to any other means of interest as the formatting of the language concentrates on achieving Job satisfaction as means. Yet, Maslow’s (1954) all-rounding invention of the ‘Hiearchy of Needs’ isn’t specified around ‘work’ but the model can be reformed and easily applied to work because the language used in much more applicable to other aspects of life as the headings can be generalised like ‘self-actualization’ is needed when you want to understand yourself and this can occur in any situation. ‘Control’, a dynamic verb that illustrates being still but requires internal complexity, quotes have stressed the importance; â€Å"Self-control breeds will-power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Joshua J, 2011). Warr’s theory (1987) pin-points the importance of control by outlining as a category (Job,2004) on the contrary Maslow’s theory (1954) takes no account into the area of control and this theory doesn’t only concentrate on work alone but many other areas of life; this could mean it may not weigh much to Maslow (1954) in reverse to Warr (1984). The Vitamin Analogy (1987) contains 9 different ingredients contributed to Job satisfaction (Porteous, 1997). As Warr, 1987 best associates the benefits are born to be ‘vitamins’. The analogy of the vitamins associated with the determinants according to (Hodson, 2001) has high ecological validity as certain vitamins are required for the well-being of employees and organisation we need at a certain level to help us survive. Likewise we need to understand that the lack of vitamins in a diet can cause physical illness, such as deficiency of Vitamin A could cause blindness, some environmental factors can have the same effect (Job, 2004) as the quote from Peter Warr (1987) suggests â€Å"Vitamins are important for physical health up to but not beyond a certain level, after that there is no benefit from additional quantities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Warr, 2007). Agreeing to the same perspective Maslow also supposed these are rather like vitamins in that we can never be healthy without them as a long term deficiency can cause a disease (Cambridge Regional College, 2011). The Vitamin Analogy grabs an insight for people to understand the importance of job satisfaction and it should be taken more seriously than it is done. Correspondingly, Maslow (1954) agrees to the vitamin analogy because if someone is left starved as they are jobless and haven’t got the financial support then they will find a job immediately as my observations interpreatted from Bob’s research into Maslow (1954) (Poston, 2009); if the body isn’t receiving enough oxygen it will react and as Peter Warr (1987) states â€Å"If there is a vitamin deficiency, the body has subtle ways of fulfilling that need. † Both theories have created useful abstracts when applied to the context of work as they build on the importance and positivity of work and the vitamin model and hierarchy of needs isn’t just applicable to employees but can also be used by employers and even organizations as they can explore themselves in depth to make themselves highly ranked by making those small positive changes they can (Matthews, 2012). Maslow’s theory (1954) mirrors the insight of self-actualization when it connects to present day challenges and opportunities for employers and organizations to â€Å"provide real meaning, purpose and true personal development for their employees. For life-not just for work. † As indicated in (Champan, 1995-2010). The Expertise of Happiness and unhappiness in work, Warr (1987) arises the idea that ‘Physical Security’ another important factor in every part of life is also an essentiality of work as it gives you a general satisfaction of being a part of something special that is protected, but when applied to the context of work this becomes a necessity of life as it’s every participants right to feel safe at work; the importance of it shines even more as both theories again felt it was a required to understand Human Motivation and Job satisfaction. If a work place doesn’t revolve around safe conditions clear work procedures it could lead to dysfunctional thoughts that can stimulate signs of anxiety and stress, in this case of both theories it would be much more relieving. Warr’s vitamin model simply asks you questions about the safety procedure and bearing in mind that in the pyramid also considers to be quite important as comes above the ‘physiological needs’ column and it really both theories concludes how it’s vital in every aspect of your life. Several writers have modified Maslow’s (1954) framework for this reason the hierarchy is inherently plausible (Warr, 1971). According to the hierarchy assumptions have accelerated that if lower order needs such as salary amount and no longer focused our high order needs then the fact that the job is giving you money alone could be the cause to take the job forward and lead to being more satisfied with it through the vitamin model as well. As other things like teamwork wouldn’t bother you as would just do as your told and would probably enjoy it more too. As Maslow (1954) suggests that the body revolves the most basic needs for survival before moving on to more complex needs. Maslow’s (1954) pyramid where ‘Self-actualization’ lies at the top that can be defined as a sole element of being within the hierarchy model as it signals one’s need and defines one’s own place in the universe and Warr’s (1987) 9th element ‘Valued social position’ are two main summarizing points that explain the same belief of work as self actualized people are those ‘who fulfilled all they were capable of’ (Pastorino, 2011) as to whether they respect were they’ve achieved the status at work.

Concentration of oxalic acid Essays

Concentration of oxalic acid Essays Concentration of oxalic acid Paper Concentration of oxalic acid Paper The redox titration will be done between potassium permanganate and ethanedioic acid. This reaction requires acid catalyst because ethanedioic acid is too weak an acid to make the solution acidic enough to react at a reasonable rate. Sulphuric acid is in the mixture and provides the acid catalyst. The ethanedioic acid in the mixture will reduce the manganate(VII) ions (MnO4-) into manganese(II) ions (Mn2+). The potassium permanganate will oxidise the oxalic acid into carbon dioxide. H2C2O4(aq) + MnO4-(aq) Â  CO2(g) + Mn2+(aq) Reactants Products H2C2O4: Carbon +3 CO2: Carbon +4 MnO4-: Manganese +7 Mn2+: Manganese +2. To work out the ionic equation, balanced electron-half equations for both the potassium permanganate and the ethanedioic acid have to be worked out. Adding electrons (e-), water (H2O) and hydrogen/hydroxide ions (H+/OH-) depending on the conditions, they can be created. Manganate(VII) ions are reduced to form manganese(II) ions. MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e- ? Mn2+ + 4H2O Ethanedioic acid is oxidised to form carbon dioxide. H2C2O4 ? 2CO2 + 2H+ + 2e- The two equations combine and are balanced to create the overall ionic equation. 2MnO4- + 6H+ + 5H2C2O4 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2. 1) Use the pipette and the pipette filler to collect 25ml of the mixture of oxalic acid and sulphuric acid and put it in the conical flask. 2) Use the clamp to connect the burette with the retort stand. 3) Use the funnel to fill the burette with the potassium permanganate until the meniscus reaches zero. 4) Place the conical flask with the mixture underneath the point of the burette. 5) Using the stopcock on the burette, enter the potassium permanganate into the conical flask until there is a colour change to produce a rough estimate. Record this in a table in cm3. 6) Carry out the same experiment again slowly to record a more accurate answer. Record in the table. 7) Repeat step 7) until two concordant results have been collected.

How to Avoid Biting Mites (Chiggers)

How to Avoid Biting Mites (Chiggers) Just the mention of chiggers is enough to make any outdoors-loving person tremble in fear. These tiny bugs can be difficult to see when theyre on you, but once youve suffered chigger bites, youll never forget them. Chigger bites are so itchy, they make grown men cry. So what are chiggers, and where do they live? Chiggers Are the Larvae of Mites Chiggers are nothing more than young mites, specifically the parasitic larvae of mites in the genus Trombicula. Mites belong to the class Arachnida, along with ticks and spiders. Like other arachnids, chigger mites go through four developmental stages: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. Nymphs and adults have four pairs of legs, while the larvae have just three pairs. Unfortunately for us, three pairs of legs are all they need to catch us and make our lives miserable. The Chigger Life Cycle Its important to know that adult mites and nymphs dont bother people at all. They feed on small organisms (including insects) they find on decaying plant matter, as well as on insect eggs. Ecologically speaking, they can be considered beneficial organisms for their role feeding on other potential pests. Adult chigger mites spend the winter in the soil, under leaf litter, or in other protected places. When soil temperatures warm up in the spring, the females deposit eggs on vegetation, most often in areas where its slightly damp and the vegetation is thick. When the eggs hatch, the trouble begins. Hungry larvae crawl up the vegetation and wait for unsuspecting hosts – people, pets, or other wildlife – to wander past. Should you brush against chigger-infested vegetation, or worse, sit down to rest in shady grass full of chiggers, the tiny bugs will immediately crawl up your body, looking for a place to hide. Because chiggers measure just 1⠁„150 inch in diameter, theyre so tiny, you are unlikely to see or feel them. Backpackers, beware! If you drop your pack on the ground during a rest break, check it for chiggers before putting it back on.   Why and Where Chiggers Bite Chiggers like to settle under tight-fitting clothing, so theyll often wind up in your socks or waistband. Other favorite chigger feasting spots include the backs of your knees, your armpits, or your crotch. Once the chiggers find a good location on your body, they pierce your skin with their mouthparts and inject you with a digestive enzyme that breaks down your body tissues. Chiggers then feed on your liquefied tissues. They dont suck your blood, like mosquitoes or ticks. The chigger  remains attached to its host for several days, feeding on dissolved tissues. Once it has an adequate meal, it detaches and drops to the ground, where it continues its development into a nymph. For most people, however, the intense itching caused by the chigger bite leads to equally intense scratching, and the chigger is dislodged by frantic fingers before finishing its meal.   Avoiding Chigger Bites If youve never experienced chigger bites, consider yourself lucky and take every precaution to avoid them. To avoid chigger bites, follow three basic rules: Dress appropriately and use effective repellents when youre likely to be in potential chigger habitat.Avoid walking through chigger habitat whenever possible, and eliminate places where chiggers can breed from your property.Wash your clothing and take a shower immediately after outdoor activities where you might have encountered chiggers.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection - Essay Example As the paper hghlights the reporter found meaning in herlife with her children and her total being, without him by her side. Today, her children and she is very happy living together and she is proud to say that she feels accomplished and complete without her husband. The early phase of her married life falls on Erikson’s psychosocial stage 6 which covers her early adulthood. This is the stage when she was longing for intimacy; thus, marrying her husband even if she had to go against the will of herv family. This is the time when she wanted to have a close personal relationship rather than be isolated. The reporter wanted to have a satisfying relationship and develop a family of her own. The later part of her married life is a perfect example of Erikson’s â€Å"penultimate† stage or the middle adulthood stage. When she separated from her husband, that was the time when her focus shifted from herself to her immediate surroundings which are her children. Had she fo cused on herself, she could have just wallowed in depression and not strive to work hard for her children. The reporter   focused on integrity and not despair. She focused on the positive rather than on the negative. She had to do something for the good of my children. Her strength was her children, which is what Erickson terms as â€Å"generativity†. She feared of becoming meaningless or inactive. She knew she had to find new meaning and purpose in life because she did not want to be self-absorbed and stagnate. Her going back to school and finding a job was instrumental in helping her get through this stage. The population that the reporter most want to â€Å"give forward† to are the separated wives who feel so depressed and useless. She wants to share with them my experience. From this paper it is clear that she wants to show them how she was able to rise up again from the pain of being left by a husband. She want to prove to them that they do not need a husband to take care of their children. She will show them how to find meaning in their lives and view the separation as a challenge to improve oneself and be useful to society. The reporter will point out to them that the options that they face are â€Å"generativity† or â€Å"stagnation†. It is her objective that they make the better choice of moving forward and care for the â€Å"next generation†, meaning their children. The reporter will prove to them through her experience that choosing â€Å"generativity† will lead them to the path of â€Å"integrity†, which is the positive result of the eighth stage in Erikson’s stages of development. On the other hand, if they choose â€Å"stagnation†, it will only bring them towards â€Å"despair†, the oppos ite side of the eighth stage. Her   ideal legacy for her family is to be able to give a college education to her children. Hopefully, if they are well-educated, they can become successful individuals both with their careers and their family lives. She may not be able to leave them with wealth but she hopes through their education they can pursue whatever it is they dream for in their lives.

Answer the questions in Bold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Answer the questions in Bold - Essay Example Precedent research shows propositions by the locals and state, proposing the necessity for hospitals to meet patients’ needs (Miller, 2008). For this to be accomplished, health facilities should be fully outfitted for them to meet the obligatory qualifications. I believe that satisfying the needs of patients is the main motive why hospitals are put up; hence, this ought to be the mission for all health facilities. I suggest that each patient ought to be given attention and treatment to improve the health status of the community. Closing down the hospitals that fail to meet the needs of their patients is the best policy to discipline the health facilities in the country. Addressing the issue through policy has a great effect on the hospitals that violate the patients’ rights (Roach, 2006). If the hospitals do not employ more workers to attend to the patients’ needs or the bill guiding health operations, then the necessity close the

Revenge of the Killer Genre :: Quentin Tarantino John Cawelti Films Essays

Revenge of the Killer Genre After years of repeated thematic motifs and unchanging, stereotypical characters, films within a genre often lose their vitality. The conventions become predictable and the underlying myth becomes boring and banal. The innovative director will seek to revitalize a popular myth through a "generic transformation" (Cawelti 520). This essay shall demonstrate how Quentin Tarantino borrows a traditional myth from the gangster genre, subverts it and subsequently installs a new, unorthodox myth in its place. The end result is a new type of film that reaches beyond the established confines of the gangster genre. As with Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde, the radical innovations included in Pulp Fiction make it hard to situate the film within mainstream cinema; it is, as John Cawelti would agree, "difficult to know what to call this type of film". While Penn's film and Tarantino's Pulp Fiction clearly acknowledge the conventions of the gangster genre, it is only as a point of departure. Tarantino introduces enigmatic characters and complex incongruities which combine to successfully remove his film from the "conventions of a traditional popular genre" (Cawelti 505). Cawelti describes the myth within the gangster film as "affirm[ing] the limits of individual aggression and violence ... show[ing] how violence evokes its own inevitable doom" (Cawelti 516). In Pulp Fiction and Bonnie and Clyde, the directors subvert the "traditional elements" and the "traditional mythical world ..." (Cawelti 505) is confounded. Thus begin the generic transformations. The directors thoroughly undermine the traditional myths and effectively replace them with myths of their own construction. The complexities of structure, character and theme within Pulp Fiction exceed the conventional boundaries of the gangster genre and the myths commonly associated with gangster films become inadequate. The narrative leads to non-romanticized situations and characters that appear too realistic to be contained within the "inadequate" boundaries of the gangster myth (Cawelti 510). Here then, Tarantino is effectively exposing the inadequacies of the gangster myth. The myth of the gangster is exposure by first firmly establishing the conventional gangster persona. Within the gangster environment, a darkened night club for example, the gangster looks the part; black suit, jewellery, sunglasses and the inevitable guns construct the image of menace. So too do his mannerisms, the gangster is a cocky, self-assured tough guy. The story within the film titled "The Bonnie Situation", provides an example an undermined gangster myth. Here, the two gangsters, Jules and Vincent, must retrieve and deliver a package that has been stolen. Revenge of the Killer Genre :: Quentin Tarantino John Cawelti Films Essays Revenge of the Killer Genre After years of repeated thematic motifs and unchanging, stereotypical characters, films within a genre often lose their vitality. The conventions become predictable and the underlying myth becomes boring and banal. The innovative director will seek to revitalize a popular myth through a "generic transformation" (Cawelti 520). This essay shall demonstrate how Quentin Tarantino borrows a traditional myth from the gangster genre, subverts it and subsequently installs a new, unorthodox myth in its place. The end result is a new type of film that reaches beyond the established confines of the gangster genre. As with Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde, the radical innovations included in Pulp Fiction make it hard to situate the film within mainstream cinema; it is, as John Cawelti would agree, "difficult to know what to call this type of film". While Penn's film and Tarantino's Pulp Fiction clearly acknowledge the conventions of the gangster genre, it is only as a point of departure. Tarantino introduces enigmatic characters and complex incongruities which combine to successfully remove his film from the "conventions of a traditional popular genre" (Cawelti 505). Cawelti describes the myth within the gangster film as "affirm[ing] the limits of individual aggression and violence ... show[ing] how violence evokes its own inevitable doom" (Cawelti 516). In Pulp Fiction and Bonnie and Clyde, the directors subvert the "traditional elements" and the "traditional mythical world ..." (Cawelti 505) is confounded. Thus begin the generic transformations. The directors thoroughly undermine the traditional myths and effectively replace them with myths of their own construction. The complexities of structure, character and theme within Pulp Fiction exceed the conventional boundaries of the gangster genre and the myths commonly associated with gangster films become inadequate. The narrative leads to non-romanticized situations and characters that appear too realistic to be contained within the "inadequate" boundaries of the gangster myth (Cawelti 510). Here then, Tarantino is effectively exposing the inadequacies of the gangster myth. The myth of the gangster is exposure by first firmly establishing the conventional gangster persona. Within the gangster environment, a darkened night club for example, the gangster looks the part; black suit, jewellery, sunglasses and the inevitable guns construct the image of menace. So too do his mannerisms, the gangster is a cocky, self-assured tough guy. The story within the film titled "The Bonnie Situation", provides an example an undermined gangster myth. Here, the two gangsters, Jules and Vincent, must retrieve and deliver a package that has been stolen.

Management Structure of Boeing Essay

Considering how the Boeing Company has a strong presence worldwide and has employees and partnerships located in 70 countries, it has implemented a management structure to achieve maximum efficiency of the multi-billion dollar business. This structure is called a matrix structure, where this essentially allocates a Senior Vice President to each of the many department heads who oversee all movements the company makes as well as managing every employee within that division. These departments range from areas such as: Engineering & Technology to Law Department to Human Resources as well as Business Development and are all managed by the CEO, W. James McNerney. All of these divisions of Boeing run independently of one another, however they do collaborate together to ensure the company continues to be the achieve the most efficient and stable environment that it can. The matrix management structure is also advantageous to the Boeing Company since they are continuously filling out long-term contracts for various airlines around the globe and is in need of several functional organized departments. Since these departments collaborate together, various tasks of the project given are delegated between the necessary departments who then come together after completion of these given tasks and put together the prototype. Employees and resources are also allocated temporarily to other divisions of Boeing for various projects depending on the magnitude and the time given for project completion. However, there are some disadvantages to the matrix structure. There is a tendency to ‘lean’ towards one side of the matrix or the other, this can lead to problems such as project delays and extension requests by employees which inevitably cost the company time and money as seen by the delay of the 787 Dreamliner construction.